EFFECTS OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT AND SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING COUNSELLING TECHNIQUES ON SULLENNESS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of positive reinforcementand social skills training counselling techniques on sullenness among senior secondary school students in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria.A quasi – experimental design of pretest, posttest controlgroup was employed for this study. The population of the study consisted ofone hundred and fifty (150)senior secondary school students who showed symptoms of sullenness drawn from three selected public senior secondary schools in Kaduna metropolis. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 30 students (15males and 15 females) with high incidence of sullenness as indicated by their scores on the MFQ checklist.The instrument adopted for the study was Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). Whilet-test, one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistical methods were used to test the five null hypotheses formulated to guide the study at alpha P≤ 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that: positive reinforcement is effective in reducing sullenness among secondary school students (p=0.003), social skills training counselling technique is effective in reducing sullenness among secondary school students (p=0.000), in comparing the two techniques both are effective (p=0.000), differential significant effectiveness did not exist among male and female students exposed to positive reinforcement counselling technique on sullenness (p= 0.241) and social skills training (p =0.391). It was recommended that counsellors, school psychologists, school principals and teachers should be exposed to positive reinforcement and social skills counselling techniques training in re-addressing Sullenness among secondary school students.
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